Arne Naess Deep Ecology Essay

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Macy, working as an anti-nuclear activist in USA, found that one of the major impediments confronting the activists' cause was the presence of unresolved emotions of despair, grief, sorrow, anger and rage.

The denial of these emotions led to apathy and disempowerment.

Bill Devall and George Sessions describe a series of sources of deep ecology.

They include the science of ecology itself, and cite its major contribution as the rediscovery in a modern context that "everything is connected to everything else." They point out that some ecologists and natural historians, in addition to their scientific viewpoint, have developed a deep ecological consciousness—for some a political consciousness and at times a spiritual consciousness.

Deep ecologists hope to influence social and political change through their philosophy.

Næss and Fox do not claim to use logic or induction to derive the philosophy directly from scientific ecology but rather hold that scientific ecology directly implies the metaphysics of deep ecology, including its ideas about the self and further, that deep ecology finds scientific underpinnings in the fields of ecology and system dynamics.They offer an eight-tier platform to elucidate their claims: In practice, deep ecologists support decentralization, the creation of ecoregions, the breakdown of industrialism in its current form, and an end to authoritarianism.Deep ecology is not normally considered a distinct movement, but as part of the green movement.often use Deep Ecology for their political ideology.The phrase deep ecology was coined by the Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss in 1973, and he helped give it a theoretical foundation.It is wrong when it tends otherwise." Deep ecology offers a philosophical basis for environmental advocacy which may, in turn, guide human activity against perceived self-destruction.Deep ecology holds that the science of ecology shows that ecosystems can absorb only limited change by humans or other dissonant influences."For Arne Næss, ecological science, concerned with facts and logic alone, cannot answer ethical questions about how we should live. Deep ecology seeks to develop this by focusing on deep experience, deep questioning and deep commitment. Each gives rise to and supports the other, whilst the entire system is, what Næss would call, an ecosophy: an evolving but consistent philosophy of being, thinking and acting in the world, that embodies ecological wisdom and harmony." Næss rejected the idea that beings can be ranked according to their relative value.For example, judgments on whether an animal has an eternal soul, whether it uses reason or whether it has consciousness (or indeed higher consciousness) have all been used to justify the ranking of the human animal as superior to other animals.Næss states that "the right of all forms [of life] to live is a universal right which cannot be quantified.No single species of living being has more of this particular right to live and unfold than any other species." This metaphysical idea is elucidated in Warwick Fox's claim that we and all other beings are "aspects of a single unfolding reality"..